Large V waves on a CVP tracing are typically seen with which condition?

Large V waves on a Central Venous Pressure (CVP) tracing are indicative of increases in right atrial or right ventricular pressures, which occur when there is backflow of blood into the atrium. Tricuspid regurgitation is characterized by the retrograde flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular systole. This backflow causes the right atrium to fill excessively, leading to large V waves on the CVP tracing.

In contrast, conditions such as pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect, and decreased right ventricular compliance do not specifically result in significant retrograde flow into the right atrium to the same extent as tricuspid regurgitation. These conditions may affect pressures and blood flows in the heart but do not exhibit the characteristic V wave pattern associated with tricuspid regurgitation. The pathophysiology of tricuspid regurgitation directly ties to the emergence of large V waves on CVP readings, making it the correct and relevant choice for this question.