What is the most appropriate treatment for bronchospasm due to histamine release during surgery?

The most appropriate treatment for bronchospasm due to histamine release during surgery involves deepening the anesthetic and utilizing a beta-agonist. During surgeries, histamine can be released, especially in response to certain medications or stimuli, leading to bronchospasm, which is the constriction of the airways.

Deepening the anesthetic helps to reduce the overall sympathetic response and can provide some relaxation to the bronchial muscles, promoting easier breathing. Beta-agonists, such as albuterol, work by stimulating the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, causing dilation and relieving the bronchospasm. This combination effectively addresses the immediate bronchospasm caused by histamine release, improving ventilation and oxygenation for the patient.

Other options, while they may be relevant in different contexts, do not directly address the acute need to relax the airways during the intraoperative scenario. Increasing fluid administration does not resolve bronchospasm, corticosteroids are more suited for longer-term inflammation control rather than acute treatment, and intubation is a more invasive response that may not be immediately necessary unless the airway cannot be managed otherwise. Thus, the selected approach of deepening the anesthetic and utilizing a beta-agonist is the most