Which intravenous anesthetic agent is associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)?

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication after anesthesia, and certain intravenous anesthetic agents have been more frequently associated with this side effect than others. In this case, the correct answer identifies etomidate as an agent linked to PONV.

Etomidate is primarily used for its rapid onset and minimal cardiovascular effects, making it a preferred choice for many procedures requiring anesthesia. However, one notable side effect of etomidate is its association with postoperative nausea and vomiting. This is significant in clinical practice because it can impact patient recovery and satisfaction.

Other agents mentioned in the options, such as midazolam, ketamine, and propofol, are generally regarded as having a lower incidence of PONV. Midazolam, a sedative-hypnotic, is primarily used for its anxiolytic and amnesic properties with less impact on PONV. Ketamine, while known for its dissociative anesthesia, is also associated with lower nausea and vomiting rates due to its unique mechanism of action. Propofol, widely used for its antiemetic properties and rapid recovery profile, is frequently favored in settings where nausea and vomiting may be a concern.

Understanding the different profiles of these anesthetic