Which of the following combinations shows the best to least favorable interactions with beta-blocked patients?

In evaluating the interactions with beta-blocked patients, certain anesthetic and analgesic drugs have varying impacts on cardiovascular stability, which is particularly important for those on beta-blockers.

Ketamine is generally considered beneficial for beta-blocked patients because it has minimal cardiovascular effects, and it can maintain hemodynamic stability. This makes it favorable for patients who may already have compromised cardiovascular function due to beta-blocker therapy.

Enflurane also tends to have a more favorable profile compared to some other anesthetic agents. Although it may lead to some cardiovascular depression, it is typically less impactful compared to agents like opioids, which can cause a decrease in blood pressure and may pose risks for patients on beta-blockers.

Opioids can be more problematic in these patients, as they often have significant effects on blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to complications. Their use must be carefully managed around those with beta-blockers, as they can exacerbate issues related to hypotension and bradycardia.

In this context, the combination of Ketamine, Enflurane, and Opioids shows a hierarchy of interactions where Ketamine provides the most cardiovascular stability, followed by Enflurane, with Opioids being the least favorable due